Python完成哈夫曼树编码过程及原理详解

# 树节点类构建
class TreeNode(object):
  def __init__(self, data):
    self.val = data[0]
    self.priority = data[1]
    self.leftChild = None
    self.rightChild = None
    self.code = ""
# 创建树节点队列函数
def creatnodeQ(codes):
  q = []
  for code in codes:
    q.append(TreeNode(code))
  return q
# 为队列添加节点元素，并保证优先度从大到小排列
def addQ(queue, nodeNew):
  if len(queue) == 0:
    return [nodeNew]
  for i in range(len(queue)):
    if queue[i].priority >= nodeNew.priority:
      return queue[:i] + [nodeNew] + queue[i:]
  return queue + [nodeNew]
# 节点队列类定义
class nodeQeuen(object):

  def __init__(self, code):
    self.que = creatnodeQ(code)
    self.size = len(self.que)

  def addNode(self,node):
    self.que = addQ(self.que, node)
    self.size += 1

  def popNode(self):
    self.size -= 1
    return self.que.pop(0)
# 各个字符在字符串中出现的次数，即计算优先度
def freChar(string):
  d ={}
  for c in string:
    if not c in d:
      d[c] = 1
    else:
      d[c] += 1
  return sorted(d.items(),key=lambda x:x[1])
# 创建哈夫曼树
def creatHuffmanTree(nodeQ):
  while nodeQ.size != 1:
    node1 = nodeQ.popNode()
    node2 = nodeQ.popNode()
    r = TreeNode([None, node1.priority+node2.priority])
    r.leftChild = node1
    r.rightChild = node2
    nodeQ.addNode(r)
  return nodeQ.popNode()

codeDic1 = {}
codeDic2 = {}
# 由哈夫曼树得到哈夫曼编码表
def HuffmanCodeDic(head, x):
  global codeDic, codeList
  if head:
    HuffmanCodeDic(head.leftChild, x+'0')
    head.code += x
    if head.val:
      codeDic2[head.code] = head.val
      codeDic1[head.val] = head.code
    HuffmanCodeDic(head.rightChild, x+'1')
# 字符串编码
def TransEncode(string):
  global codeDic1
  transcode = ""
  for c in string:
    transcode += codeDic1[c]
  return transcode
# 字符串解码
def TransDecode(StringCode):
  global codeDic2
  code = ""
  ans = ""
  for ch in StringCode:
    code += ch
    if code in codeDic2:
      ans += codeDic2[code]
      code = ""
  return ans
# 举例
string = "AAGGDCCCDDDGFBBBFFGGDDDDGGGEFFDDCCCCDDFGAAA"
t = nodeQeuen(freChar(string))
tree = creatHuffmanTree(t)
HuffmanCodeDic(tree, '')
print(codeDic1,codeDic2)
a = TransEncode(string)
print(a)
aa = TransDecode(a)
print(aa)
print(string == aa)